Are you studying in D.Pharma 2nd Year and looking for the latest syllabus PDF? You’re in the right place! In the second year of Diploma in Pharmacy, you will learn important subjects such as Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapeutics, Community Pharmacy and Management, Biochemistry and Clinical Pathology, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, and Pharmacy Law and Ethics.
In this article, you can find the complete D.Pharma 2nd Year subjects list, syllabus details, and a PDF download option. These resources will help you understand your subjects, plan your studies, and prepare for your exams with confidence.
Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharma) 2nd Year Syllabus PDF
PHARMACOLOGY – THEORY (ER20-21T)
| Chapters | Topics |
| Chapter 1 | General Pharmacology Introduction and scope of Pharmacology Various routes of drug administration – advantages and disadvantages Drug absorption – definition, types, factors affecting drug absorption Bioavailability and the factors affecting bioavailability Drug distribution – definition, factors affecting drug distribution Biotransformation of drugs – Definition, types of biotransformation reactions, factors influencing drug metabolisms Excretion of drugs – Definition, routes of drug excretion General mechanisms of drug action and factors modifying drug action |
| Chapter 2 | Drugs Acting on the Peripheral Nervous System Steps involved in neurohumoral transmission Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications of a) Cholinergic drugs b) Anti-Cholinergic drugs c) Adrenergic drugs d) Anti-adrenergic drugs e) Neuromuscular blocking agents f) Drugs used in Myasthenia gravis g) Local anaesthetic agents h) Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
| Chapter 3 | Drugs Acting on the Eye Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications and contraindications of Miotics Mydriatics Drugs used in Glaucoma |
| Chapter 4 | Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications of General anaesthetics Hypnotics and sedatives Anti-Convulsant drugs Anti-anxiety drugs Anti-depressant drugs Anti-psychotics Nootropic agents Centrally acting muscle relaxants Opioid analgesics |
| Chapter 5 | Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications,and contraindications of Anti-hypertensive drugs Anti-anginal drugs Anti-arrhythmic drugs Drugs used in atherosclerosis and Congestive heart failure Drug therapy for shock |
| Chapter 6 | Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood Forming Organs Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications of Hematinic agents Anti-coagulants Antiplatelet agents Thrombolytic drugs |
| Chapter 7 | Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications of Bronchodilators Expectorants Anti-tussive agents Mucolytic agents |
| Chapter 8 | Drugs Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications of Anti-ulcer drugs Anti-emetics Laxatives and purgatives Anti-diarrheal drugs |
| Chapter 9 | Drugs Acting on the Kidney Definition, classification, pharmacological actions, dose, indications, and contraindications of Diuretics Anti-Diuretics |
| Chapter 10 | Hormones and Hormone Antagonists Physiological and pathological role and clinical uses of Thyroid hormones Anti-thyroid drugs Parathormone Calcitonin Vitamin D Insulin Oral hypoglycemic agents Estrogen Progesterone Oxytocin Corticosteroids |
| Chapter 11 | Autocoids Physiological role of Histamine, 5 HT and Prostaglandins Classification, clinical uses, and adverse effects of antihistamines and 5 HT antagonists |
| Chapter 12 | Chemotherapeutic Agents: Introduction, basic principles of chemotherapy of infections, infestations and neoplastic diseases, Classification, dose, indication and contraindications of drugs belonging to the following classes: Penicillins Cephalosporins Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolones Macrolides Tetracyclines Sulphonamides Anti-tubercular drugs Anti-fungal drugs Anti-viral drugs Anti-amoebic agents Anthelmintics Anti-malarial agents Anti-neoplastic agents |
| Chapter 13 | Biologicals Definition, types, and indications of biological agents with examples |
PHARMACOLOGY – PRACTICAL (ER20-21P)
1. Introduction to experimental pharmacology in laboratories.
2. Study of laboratory animals Mice, Rats, Guinea pigs, and Rabbits.
3. Generally used instruments in the experimental pharmacology laboratories.
4. Different routes of the administration of drugs in animals.
5. Types of pre-clinical experiments such as In-Vitro, In-Vivo, and Ex-Vivo.
6. Techniques of blood collection from the animals.
COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND MANAGEMENT – THEORY (ER20-22T)
| Chapters | Topics |
| Chapter 1 | Community Pharmacy Practice – Definition, history and development of community pharmacy – International and Indian scenarios |
| Chapter 2 | Professional responsibilities of community pharmacists Introduction to the concept of Good Pharmacy Practice and SOPs. |
| Chapter 3 | Prescription and prescription handling Definition, parts of prescriptions, legality of prescriptions, prescription handling, labelling of dispensed medications (Main label, ancillary label, pictograms), brief instructions on medication usage Dispensing process, Good Dispensing Practices, dispensing errors and strategies to minimize them |
| Chapter 4 | Communication skills Definition, types of communication skills Interactions with professionals and patients Verbal communication skills (one-to-one, over the telephone) Written communication skills Body language Patient interview techniques |
| Chapter 5 | Patient counselling Definition and benefits of patient counselling Stages of patient counselling – Introduction, counselling content, counselling process, and closing the counselling session Barriers to effective counseling – Types and strategies to overcome the barriers Patient counselling points for chronic diseases/disorders – Hypertension, Diabetes, Asthma, Tuberculosis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and AIDS Patient Package Inserts – Definition, i mportance and benefits, Scenarios of PPI use in India and other countries Patient Information leaflets – Definition and uses |
| Chapter 6 | Medication Adherence Definition, factors influencing non- adherence, strategies to overcome non-adherence |
| Chapter 7 | Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy Introduction, scope, and importance of various health screening services – for routine monitoring of patients, early detection, and referral of undiagnosed cases |
| Chapter 8 | Over The Counter (OTC) Medications Definition, need and role of Pharmacists in OTC medication dispensing OTC medications in India, counseling for OTC products Self-medication and role of pharmacists in promoting the safe practices during self-medication Responding to symptoms, minor ailments, and advice for self-care in conditions such as – Pain management, Cough, Cold, Diarrhea, Constipation, Vomiting, Fever, Sore throat, Skin disorders, Oral health (mouth ulcers, dental pain, gum swelling) |
| Chapter 9 | Community Pharmacy Management Legal requirements to set up a community pharmacy Site selection requirements Pharmacy designs and interiors Vendor selection and ordering Procurement, inventory control methods, and inventory management Financial planning and management Accountancy in community pharmacy – Day book, Cash book Introduction to pharmacy operation softwares – usefulness and availability Customer Relation Management (CRM) Audits in Pharmacies SOP of Pharmacy Management Introduction to Digital Health, mHealth and Online pharmacies |
COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND MANAGEMENT – PRACTICAL (ER20-22P)
1. Handling the prescriptions with professional standards, reviewing prescriptions, and checking for legal compliance and completeness.
2. Identification of the drug-drug interactions in the prescription and follow-up of the actions.
3. Preparation of the dispensing labels and auxiliary labels for the prescribed medications.
4. Providing the following health screening services for monitoring patients or detecting new patients.
5. Providing counseling to simulated patients for the following chronic diseases or disorders including education on the use of devices such as insulin pens, Nebulizers, inhalers, spacers, etc.
6. Providing counseling to simulated patients for the following minor diseases.
7. Appropriate handling of the dummy dosage forms with correct administration techniques oral liquids with measuring cups or droppers, Eye Drops, Insulin pens, nebulizers, Inhalers, Nasal drops, different types of tablets, patches, enemas, and suppositories.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY CHAPTER – THEORY (ER20-23T)
| Chapters | Topics |
| Chapter 1 | Introduction to biochemistry: Scope of biochemistry in pharmacy Cell and its biochemical organization |
| Chapter 2 | Carbohydrates Definition, classification with examples, and chemical properties Monosaccharides – Structure of glucose, fructose, and galactose Disaccharides – structure of maltose, lactose, and sucrose Polysaccharides – chemical nature of starch and glycogen Qualitative tests and the biological role of carbohydrates |
| Chapter 3 | Proteins Definition, classification of proteins based on composition and solubility with examples Definition, classification of amino acids based on chemical nature and nutritional requirements with examples Structure of proteins (four levels of organization of protein structure) Qualitative tests and biological role of proteins and amino acids Diseases related to malnutrition of proteins. |
| Chapter 4 | Lipids Definition, classification with examples Structure and properties of triglycerides (oils and fats) Fatty acid classification – Based on chemical and nutritional requirements with examples Structure and functions of cholesterol in the body Lipoproteins – types, composition and functions in the body Qualitative tests and functions of lipids |
| Chapter 5 | Nucleic acids Definition, purine and pyrimidine bases Components of nucleosides and nucleotides with examples Structure of DNA (Watson and Crick model), RNA and their functions |
| Chapter 6 | Enzymes Definition, properties and IUB and MB classification Factors affecting enzyme activity Mechanism of action of enzymes, Enzyme inhibitors Therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance of enzymes |
| Chapter 7 | Vitamins Definition and classification with examples Sources, chemical nature, functions, coenzyme form, recommended dietary requirements, deficiency diseases of fat-and water-soluble vitamins |
| Chapter 8 | Metabolism (Study of cycle/pathways without chemical structures) Metabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis, TCA cycle and glycogen metabolism, regulation of blood glucose level. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of Carbohydrates Metabolism of lipids: Lipolysis, β-oxidation of Fatty acid (Palmitic acid) ketogenesis and ketolysis. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of lipids such as Ketoacidosis, Fatty liver, Hypercholesterolemia Metabolism of Amino acids (Proteins): General reactions of amino acids and its significance– Transamination, deamination, Urea cycle and decarboxylation. Diseases related to abnormal metabolism of amino acids, Disorders of ammonia metabolism, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria and Jaundice. Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain and Oxidative phosphorylation |
| Chapter 9 | Minerals: Types, Functions, Deficiency diseases, recommended dietary requirements |
| Chapter 10 | Water and Electrolytes Distribution, functions of water in the body Water turnover and balance Electrolyte composition of the body fluids, Dietary intake of electrolyte and Electrolyte balance Dehydration, causes of dehydration and oral rehydration therapy |
| Chapter 11 | Introduction to Biotechnology |
| Chapter 12 | Organ function tests Functions of kidney and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of kidney and their clinical significances Functions of liver and routinely performed tests to assess the functions of liver and their clinical significances Lipid profile tests and its clinical significances |
| Chapter 13 | Introduction to Pathology of Blood and Urine Lymphocytes and Platelets, their role in health and disease Erythrocytes – Abnormal cells and their significance Normal and Abnormal constituents of Urine and their significance |
BIOCHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY CHAPTER – PRACTICAL (ER20-23P)
1. Qualitative analysis test of the carbohydrates.
2. Qualitative analysis test of the Proteins and amino acids (four experiments).
3. Qualitative analysis test of lipids (two experiments).
4. Qualitative analysis test of urine for normal and abnormal constituents (four experiments).
5. Determination of the constituents of the urine (creatinine, glucose, chlorides) (two experiments).
6. Determination of constituents of blood or serum (simulated) (Creatine, glucose, Calcium, Cholesterol, Urea, SGPT/SGOT) (five experiments).
7. Study of the hydrolysis of starch from acid and salivary amylase enzyme (1 experiment).
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – THEORY (ER20-24T)
| Chapters | Topics |
| Chapter 1 | Pharmacotherapeutics – Introduction, scope, and objectives. Rational use of Medicines, Evidence Based Medicine Essential Medicines List, Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) |
| Definition, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, non-pharmacological and pharmacological management of the diseases associated with | |
| Chapter 2 (a) | Cardiovascular System Hypertension Angina and Myocardial Infarction Hyperlipidaemia Congestive Heart Failure |
| Chapter 2 (b) | Respiratory System Asthma COPD |
| Chapter 2 (c) | Endocrine System Diabetes Thyroid disorders – Hypo and Hyperthyroidism |
| Chapter 2 (d) | Central Nervous System Epilepsy Parkinson’s disease Alzheimer’s disease Stroke Migraine |
| Chapter 2 (e) | Gastrointestinal Disorders Gastro oesophageal reflux disease Peptic Ulcer Disease Alcoholic liver disease Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) |
| Chapter 2 (f) | Haematological disorders Iron deficiency anaemia Megaloblastic anaemia |
| Chapter 2 (g) | Infectious diseases Tuberculosis Pneumonia Urinary tract infections Hepatitis Gonorrhoea and Syphilis Malaria HIV and Opportunistic infections Viral Infections (SARS, CoV2) |
| Chapter 2 (h) | Musculoskeletal disorders Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis |
| Chapter 2 (i) | Dermatology Psoriasis Scabies Eczema |
| Chapter 2 (j) | Psychiatric Disorders Depression Anxiety Psychosis |
| Chapter 2 (k) | Ophthalmology Conjunctivitis (bacterial and viral) Glaucoma |
| Chapter 2 (l) | Anti-microbial Resistance |
| Chapter 2 (m) | Women’s Health Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Dysmenorrhea Premenstrual Syndrome |
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS – PRACTICAL (ER20-24P)
1. Preparation and discussion of Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan of notes for at least SIX clinical cases of the following disease conditions.
- Hypertension
- Angina Pectoris
- Myocardial Infarction
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Asthma
- COPD
- Diabetes
- Epilepsy
- Stroke
- Depression
- Tuberculosis
- Anaemia (any one type as covered in theory)
- Viral infection (any one type as covered in theory)
- Dermatological conditions (any condition as covered in theory)
2. Patient counseling exercises using the important role based on real or hypothetical clinical scenarios. The students are expected to provide counseling on disease conditions, lifestyle modifications, medications, and monitoring parameters, and the same should be documented.
3. Simulated cases of dose calculation of the selected drugs in pediatrics, and geriatrics under different pathological conditions.
HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY – THEORY (ER20-25T)
| Chapters | Topics |
| Chapter 1 | Hospital Pharmacy Definition, scope, national and international scenario Organisational structure Professional responsibilities, Qualification and experience requirements, job specifications, work load requirements and inter professional relationships Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in hospital Hospital Pharmacy Standards (FIP Basel Statements, AHSP) Introduction to NAQS guidelines and NABH Accreditation and Role of Pharmacists |
| Chapter 2 | Different Committees in the Hospital Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee – Objectives, Composition, and functions Hospital Formulary – Definition, procedure for development and use of hospital formulary Infection Control Committee – Role of Pharmacist in preventing Antimicrobial Resistance |
| Chapter 3 | Supply Chain and Inventory Control Preparation of Drug lists – High Risk drugs, Emergency drugs, Schedule H1 drugs, NDPS drugs, reserved antibiotics Procedures of Drug Purchases – Drug selection, short term, long term, and tender/e-tender process, quotations, etc. Inventory control techniques: Economic Order Quantity, Reorder Quantity Level, Inventory Turnover etc. Inventory Management of Central Drug Store – Storage conditions, Methods of storage, Distribution, Maintaining Cold Chain, Devices used for cold storage (Refrigerator, ILR, Walk-in-Cold rooms) FEFO, FIFO methods Expiry drug removal and handling, and disposal. Disposal of Narcotics, cytotoxic drugs Documentation – purchase and inventory |
| Chapter 4 | Drug distribution Drug distribution (in- patients and out – patients) – Definition, advantages and disadvantages of individual prescription order method, Floor Stock Method, Unit Dose Drug Distribution Method, Drug Basket Method. Distribution of drugs to ICCU/ICU/NICU/Emergency wards. Automated drug dispensing systems and devices Distribution of Narcotic and Psychotropic substances and their storage |
| Chapter 5 | Compounding in Hospitals. Bulk compounding, IV admixture services and incompatibilities, Total parenteral nutrition |
| Chapter 6 | Radio Pharmaceuticals – Storage, dispensing and disposal of radiopharmaceuticals |
| Chapter 7 | Application of computers in Hospital Pharmacy Practice, Electronic health records Softwares used in hospital pharmacy |
| Chapter 8 | Clinical Pharmacy: Definition, scope, and development – in India and other countries Technical definitions, common terminologies used in clinical settings and their significance such as Paediatrics, Geriatric, Anti-natal Care, Post-natal Care, etc. Daily activities of clinical pharmacists: Definition, goal, and procedure of Ward round participation Treatment Chart Review Adverse drug reaction monitoring Drug information and poisons information Medication history Patient counselling Interprofessional collaboration Pharmaceutical care: Definition, classification of drug related problems. Principles and procedure to provide pharmaceutical care Medication Therapy Management, Home Medication Review |
| Chapter 9 | Clinical laboratory tests used in the evaluation of diseasestates – significance and interpretation of test results Haematological, Liver function, Renal function, thyroid function tests Tests associated with cardiac disorders Fluid and electrolyte balance Pulmonary Function Tests |
| Chapter 10 | Poisoning: Types of poisoning: Clinical manifestations and Antidotes Drugs and Poison Information Centre and their services Definition, Requirements, Information resources with examples, and their advantages and disadvantages |
| Chapter 11 | Pharmacovigilance Definition, aim and scope Overview of Pharmacovigilance |
| Chapter 12 | Medication errors: Definition, types, consequences, and strategies to minimize medication errors, LASA drugs and Tallman lettering as per ISMP Drug Interactions: Definition, types, clinical significance of drug interactions |
HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY – PRACTICAL (ER20-25P)
1. Systematic approach to the drug information queries using primary, secondary, and tertiary resources of information.
2. Interpretation of laboratory reports to optimization of drug therapy in a given clinical case.
3. Fill up the IPC’s ADR Reporting Form and perform causality assessments using various scales.
4. Demonstration or simulated or hands-on experiment the identification, types/application /administration of surgical aids and orthopedics such as knee caps, abdominal belts, walkers, and walking sticks.
5. Different types of bandages such as sterile gauze, cotton, and crepe bandages. Needles, syringes, catheters, urine bags, RYLE’s tubes, urine pots, IV sets, colostomy bags, and oxygen masks.
6. Different case studies on drug-drug interactions.
7. Wound dressing of simulated cases and minimum role play.
8. Vaccination & injection techniques (IV, SC, IM) using mannequins.
9. Use of the Hospital Pharmacy Software and different digital health tools.
PHARMACY LAW AND
ETHICS – THEORY (ER20-26T)
| Chapters | Topics |
| Chapter 1 | General Principles of Law, History and various Acts related to Drugs and Pharmacy profession |
| Chapter 2 | Pharmacy Act-1948 and Rules: Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its constitution and functions, Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy councils, Registration of Pharmacists, Offences and Penalties. Pharmacy Practice Regulations 2015 |
| Chapter 3 | Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 and New Amendments Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the Act and Rules Import of drugs – Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import under license or permit. Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs, Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of drugs, Manufacture of drugs for test, examination and analysis, manufacture of new drug, loan license and repacking license. Study of schedule C and C1, G, H, H1, K, P, M, N, and X. Sale of Drugs – Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license, Records to be kept in a pharmacy Drugs Prohibited for manufacture and sale in India Administration of the Act and Rules – Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Central Drugs Laboratory, Drugs Consultative Committee, Government analysts, licensing authorities, controlling authorities, Drug Inspectors. |
| Chapter 4 | Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 and Rules Objectives, Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, Offences and Penalties. |
| Chapter 5 | Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954 Objectives, Definitions, Prohibition of certain advertisements, Classes of Exempted advertisements, Offences and Penalties. |
| Chapter 6 | Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act-1960: Objectives, Definitions, CPCSEA – brief overview, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Breeding and Stocking of Animals, Performance of Experiments, Transfer and Acquisition of animals for experiment, Records, Power to suspend or revoke registration, Offences and Penalties. |
| Chapter 7 | Poisons Act-1919: Introduction, objective, definition, possession, possession for sales and sale of any poison, import of poisons |
| Chapter 8 | FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) Act and Rules: brief overview and aspects related to manufacture, storage, sale, and labelling of Food Supplements |
| Chapter 9 | National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority: Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO) – 2013. Objectives, Definitions, Sale prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations, Retail price and ceiling price of scheduled formulations Pharmaceutical Policy 2002, National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) |
| Chapter 10 | Code of Pharmaceutical Ethics: Definition, ethical principles, ethical problem solving, registration, code of ethics for Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade, medical profession and his profession, Pharmacist’s oath. |
| Chapter 11 | Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act and Rules – basic understanding, salient features, and Amendments |
| Chapter 12 | Role of all the government pharma regulator bodies – Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO), Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) |
| Chapter 13 | Good Regulatory practices (documentation, licenses, renewals, e-governance) in Community Pharmacy, Hospital pharmacy, Pharma Manufacturing, Wholesale business, inspections, import, export of drugs and medical devices |
| Chapter 14 | Introduction to BCS system of classification, Basic concepts of Clinical Trials, ANDA, NDA, New Drug development, New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules, 2019. Brand v/s Generic, Trade name concept, Introduction to Patent Law and Intellectual Property Rights, Emergency Use Authorization |
| Chapter 15 | Blood bank – basic requirements and functions |
| Chapter 16 | Clinical Establishment Act and Rules – Aspects related to Pharmacy |
| Chapter 17 | Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016 – Basic aspects, and aspects related to pharma manufacture to disposal of pharma / medical waste at homes, pharmacies, and hospitals |
| Chapter 18 | Bioethics – Basic concepts, history and principles. Brief overview of ICMR’s National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving human participants |
| Chapter 19 | Introduction to the Consumer Protection Act |
| Chapter 20 | Introduction to the Disaster Management Act |
| Chapter 21 | Medical Devices – Categorization, basic aspects related to manufacture and sale |